| ABAC Engine | Security, Identity & Trust | A Policy Enforcement Point (PEP) intercepts an incoming user request, packages the action and resource identifier, and submits an authorization query to the Policy Decision Point (PDP). The PDP queries Policy Information Points (PIPs) to resolve missing subject or resource attributes, evaluates the request against compiled declarative policies (such as Rego or XACML), and returns a deterministic PERMIT or DENY verdict within single-digit milliseconds. | View→ |
| Active Directory Service | Security, Identity & Trust | Client machines authenticate against Domain Controllers (DCs) using Kerberos ticket exchanges (AS-REQ/AS-REP and TGS-REQ/TGS-REP) or LDAP over TLS (LDAPS). Domain Controllers replicate state changes (user password updates, security group memberships, schema modifications) across all peer DCs using Update Sequence Numbers (USNs) and High-Watermark Vectors over the RPC/IP replication topology. | View→ |
| API Security Gateway | Security, Identity & Trust | Incoming HTTP/gRPC API requests are intercepted at the perimeter. The gateway terminates TLS, validates cryptographic signatures on JWT/OAuth2 tokens, checks client rate limits against distributed token buckets in Redis, validates request headers and bodies against compiled API schema specifications, sanitizes inputs to block SQLi/XSS/Command injections, and proxies sanitized requests to upstream backend microservices. | View→ |
| Attack Surface Management Platform | Security, Identity & Trust | The platform continuously ingests root organizational seeds (domain names, ASN blocks, branded keywords, CIDR ranges) and conducts non-intrusive reconnaissance: monitoring DNS zone records, querying Certificate Transparency logs, running distributed port scans, fingerprinting web software banners, detecting unpatched CVEs, and alerting security teams to newly exposed or vulnerable perimeter assets. | View→ |
| Audit Logger | Security, Identity & Trust | Application services emit structured JSON audit events containing actor ID, target resource, action performed, timestamp, source IP, and before/after mutation diffs. The audit logger validates event schemas, cryptographically signs event payloads with an asymmetric key, links records using hash chaining or Merkle trees, and writes them asynchronously to immutable cloud storage (e.g., AWS S3 Object Lock in compliance mode). | View→ |
| Bastion Host | Security, Identity & Trust | An engineer connects to the bastion host via SSH/RDP, authenticating using multi-factor authentication (MFA) or short-lived cryptographic certificates issued by an Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP). The bastion validates the session, records all terminal input/output keystrokes to an immutable audit log, and establishes a secure TCP tunnel or forward proxy session to internal target instances located in private subnets. | View→ |
| Behavioral Biometrics | Security, Identity & Trust | Client SDKs embedded in web applications and mobile apps passively collect micro-interaction telemetry (flight time between keystrokes, mouse acceleration curves, touch surface area, accelerometer/gyroscope signals) at 60Hz. The telemetry is encrypted and streamed to a risk engine, where machine learning anomaly detection models compare the real-time interaction vector against the user's historical behavioral baseline and population-level bot models, outputting a continuous risk score. | View→ |
| Bot Management | Security, Identity & Trust | Analyzes client request headers, TLS fingerprints (JA3/JA4), IP reputation databases, and browser behavioral signals (such as mouse movement entropy, canvas rendering quirks, and DOM interactions). It silently permits verified search engine spiders, passes human requests smoothly, and challenges or blocks malicious bots using proof-of-work challenges, CAPTCHAs, or rate-limiting filters without burdening legitimate visitors. | View→ |
| CAPTCHA Service | Security, Identity & Trust | Monitors user interactions on web pages (such as mouse trajectories, touch events, and keystroke timing) and client environment signals to generate an invisible risk score. When a suspicious risk score is calculated, it renders an interactive challenge (such as selecting specific visual objects, solving an audio puzzle, or completing a cryptographic proof-of-work) to verify humanity before granting access. | View→ |
| CASB Gateway | Security, Identity & Trust | Intercepts cloud-bound network traffic via forward-proxy, reverse-proxy, or API-based integrations. It inspects outgoing payloads for sensitive data (such as PII, credit card numbers, or proprietary code), blocks unauthorized shadow IT services, enforces Single Sign-On (SSO) and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), and logs user activity for regulatory compliance auditing. | View→ |
| Certificate Authority | Security, Identity & Trust | Receives Certificate Signing Requests (CSRs), verifies domain ownership or organization identity via automated challenges (like ACME) or manual validation, signs the public key using its private key, and publishes Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) and Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) responses so clients can verify certificate validity during TLS handshakes. | View→ |
| Certificate Transparency Log | Security, Identity & Trust | Receives precertificates from Certificate Authorities, appends them to an immutable Merkle tree structure, and immediately issues a Signed Certificate Timestamp (SCT) as cryptographic proof of inclusion. Independent auditors and domain monitors continuously query these logs to detect unauthorized or rogue certificates issued for their domains in near real-time. | View→ |